And so we've come to week 11, your final day in the literature course 1102. I have you have enjoyed the readings. There were many we did not get time to address but they remain for your leisure. You can access the links here indefinitely, that is until such time as I might take the site down.
Some themes to think about:
Authority/Society and the Individual: how authority is defined, how founded and invested, its impacts and its relation to those figures and institutions and cultural activities in our society that wield it ( as distinguished from mere power or force). In literature, the author creates or writes and the story that is told may be in fiction or non-fiction form, in poetry or prose, but it is its truths that tell us something, shape our understanding of what it means to be human and to exist in a world that is palpable and real, but ever-changing and always beyond us in so many ways.
The Natural World: the womb of all life, Nature is the alpha and omega, and whatever face Nature wears, for good or ill, our fates are linked inextricably. Whether the world ( and we ourselves) appears as it does in accordance with some divine plan or design or Fate, whether what science calls natural selection and chance events are an aspect of that, whether the mythic stories of creation, lost paradises and first peoples are "true", certainly the world is unfolding and we along with it, witness to, and participant in the show.
Art: the made world, constructed from the material elements of the world and human imagination and ingenuity and energy and will and the desire to control and shape the experience we are thrown into at birth, and from which only death will deliver us, ultimately. What does it all mean? What pleasures, what pains, what needs? To these art address itself.
Year’s End by
Richard Wilbur (b.1921)
Now winter downs the dying of the
year,
And night is all a settlement of snow;
From the soft street the rooms of houses
show
A gathered light, a atmosphere,
Like frozen-over lakes whose ice is
thin
And still allows some stirring down within.
I’ve known the wind by water banks to shake
The late leaves down, which frozen where they
fell
And held in ice as dancers in a spell
Fluttered all winter long into a lake;
Graved on the dark in gestures of
descent,
They seemed their own most perfect monument.
There was perfection in the death of
ferns
Which laid their fragile cheeks against the
stone
A million years. Great mammoths
overthrown
Composedly have made their long
sojourns,
Like palaces of patience, in the gray
And changeless lands of ice. And at Pompeii
The little dog lay curled and did not
rise
But slept the deeper as the ashes rose
And found the people incomplete, and
froze
The random hands, the loose unready
eyes
Of men expecting yet another sun
To do the shapely thing they had not done.
These sudden ends of time must give us
pause.
We fray into the future, rarely wrought
Save in the tapestries of afterthought.
More time, more time. Barrages of
applause
Come muffled from a buried radio.
The New-year bells are wrangling with the snow.
The poet Richard Wilbur, a winner of the Pulitzer Prize and one time Poet Laureate, said the following: “What poetry does with ideas is to redeem them from abstraction and submerge them in sensibility.” Poetry makes us feel, brings our senses into the moment or view described (as does prose, I might add) Moreover he wants his students to memorize poetry:
“The kind of poetry I like best, and try to write, uses the whole instrument,” he says. “Meter, rhyme, musical expression—and everything is done for the sake of what’s being said, not for the sake of prettiness.” At the same time, he believes that “For anyone who knows how to use these forms powerfully, they make for a stronger kind of poetry than free verse can ever be.”
“All these traditional means are ways of being rhythmically clear,” he explains: “making the emphases strong, making it clear what words are important. Rhyme is not just making a jingling noise, but telling what words deserve emphasis. Meter, too, tells what the rhythm of thought is. It doesn’t necessarily sound like music, but it has the strength of sound underlying everything being said. I encourage my students to memorize poems. If a poem is good, it is well to say it again and again in your mind until you’ve found all the intended tones and emphases.” He adds, “One of the great fascinations of poetry is that you’re going almost naked: the equipment is so small, just language.”
Good luck on your recitations and paperwork. It was a pleasure having you all in class!
